A radical approach from the periphery: informal ESD through rights recovery for indigenous Ainu

Chapter 12 illustrates a case of colonialist marginalisation, in this instance of the Ainu people, who had their livelihood options deprived. Recent efforts to protect and restore their indigenous rights to natural resources can be seen as radical form of ESD. Noguchi discussed ESD in the context of local community development, providing perspectives from an indigenous Ainu community in Mombetsu, Hokkaido, at the northernmost tip of Japan.