Hook Turns: Implementation, Benefits, and Limitations

Hook turns as a practical traffic management approach are implemented at the intersections to accommodate the safe movement of right-turning vehicles and reduce the traffic delays experienced by the tram system. Hook turns are not limited to trams and passenger cars. Other modes of transport, including buses, bicycles, and motorcycles have also benefited from the hook turn implementation. In this article, the history of hook turn implementation in road networks, and the introduction of hook turns for different road users are reviewed. Besides, the impact of hook turns on traffic safety, and traffic disruption is discussed by providing various examples. Finally, the limitations and disadvantages of hook turn implementation in the transport networks are discussed.