Land and Maritime Applications

This chapter presents an overview of applications of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) relevant to the land and maritime environments. It focuses on the positioning performance requirements, technologies, developments, and trends for current and projected growth areas for GNSS in the land, rail, and maritime transport sectors. Representative applications including: personal navigation, location-based services, maritime, and land-based intelligent transport systems, railway logistics, and maritime operations are showcased as they encompass overlapping and related tasks such as fleet and asset monitoring, cooperative mobility, autonomous and precise navigation, vehicle and machinery control, and others.