Progressive multi-scale modelling of composite laminates

Because composite structures offer a number of advantages over conventional metallic materials, including lightweight and better corrosion resistance, there is an increasing tendency in the development of new aircraft towards an even more widespread use of composites. For instance, Boeing's 7E7 aircraft will contain SO% by weight of carbon fibre reinforced composites, while the US Air Force's F-3S Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) stealth aircraft will contain 40% by weight of composites with most of its exterior functioning as load-bearing structures. Given the fact that there are numerous examples where composite materials are being successfully used in primary load-bearing structures, one might logically conclude that design procedures (including strength prediction) for fibre-reinforced composites are fully mature.