Historically, the involvement of people with intellectual disability in empirical studies has presented researchers with several ethical challenges, including decision-making and informed consent processes. This chapter will review the history of abuse in the field, with a focus on ethical issues emanating from past and contemporary research studies, including the role of key stakeholders in the implementation of safeguards to protect people with intellectual disability. As research efforts are essential for improving the quality of life of people with intellectual disability, this chapter will discuss the prioritization of research themes that progress the agenda to support the inclusion of people with disability in research studies while retaining ethical integrity.