Three-dimensional (30) fibre reinforcements for composites

An overview is presented into polymer matrix composites with three-dimensional fibre reinforcement. The applications, manufacturing processes, microstructure, mechanical and other properties of 3D fibre composites are reviewed. The materials examined are composites with three-dimensional woven, stitched, braided, z-pinned, tufted or z-anchored fibre reinforcements. Progress in the modelling and experimental characterisation of the material properties of 30 fibre composites is described, including delamination toughness, impact damage tolerance, in-plane mechanical properties, and joint properties. Progress in the characterisation of other properties, including thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity and environmental durability, is also examined.