Inter-phase and Mechanical Properties of Modified Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Cellulose Fibre and Poly(lactic acid) Composites

This research aimed to study surface modification of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and use it as reinforced fibres in PLA. Surface modification of OPEFB fibres was applied to enhance the interphase adhesion between the fibres and PLA matrix. The OPEFB fibres were pre-treated by mercerization process. Compositions and thermal stability of the fibres were studied using FTIR and TGA techniques, respectively. The pre-treatment resulted in the removal of non-cellulosic components. Moreover, an acetylation of OPEFB cellulose fibres by acetic anhydride was conducted under a solvent-free condition at room temperature. The acetylation reaction was catalyzed by iodine. The degree of substitution observed by solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR depended upon reaction time and molar ratio of OPEFB cellulose and acetic anhydride. Crystalline structure and morphology of the acetylated fibres were investigated using WAXD and SEM, respectively. The maleic anhydride-treated PLA has been prepared and used as a compatibilizer in OPEFB and PLA composite. The mechanical properties of the PLA filled with the modified fibres increased, compared to the PLA filled with the untreated fibres.