Smart nodes: A system for variable structural frames with 3D metal-printed nodes

This paper presents a design system for the construction and development of timber structures that use 3D metal-printed nodes. It explains how, through the use of an open-ended design system, small-scale structures are generated from basic geometric inputs. Embedded structural analysis produces load scenarios for the node connections, which are topologically optimized and 3D printed from metal. Such rapid manufacturing promises high levels of geometric flexibility, which can be customized to various geometric and loading scenarios. Both topological optimization for structure and other optimization processes directly related to the manufacturing process allow for material and weight reductions of up to 60 per cent. It is intended that the nodes can be produced in areas of such high-tech production and shipped using existing distribution networks to remote areas where they are to be combined with standardized and widely available timber, thus reducing transportation costs and overall embodied energy. The centralized production of high-tech parts and the incorporated performance analysis and optimization opens up the automated design setup to multiple secondary authors for implementation in various, possibly remote or rural, areas and communities.