The Impact of Solar PV Design Tilt and Orientation on Project Values

Solar PV as a renewable energy source plays an important role in the reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings. The energy generated by a photovoltaic (PV) panel is affected by its orientation and tilt angles with the horizontal plane, which changes the amount of solar energy received by the PV panels which in return affect the cost/benefits of the PV system. Therefore, there's a need to identify which tilt and orientation angle provides the optimum energy output and cost/benefit. This study investigates how tilt and azimuth of a PV panel will impact the energy generated and cost/benefits of a PV project. The study investigates an educational institute in Melbourne, Australia, using modelled solar irradiation data, 25 alternative system design and analysis scenarios, simulated PV panel performance, and comprehensive cost-benefit assessment. The results showed that combination of tilt and azimuth angle of 10 + 10 design provides higher energy output. Further, an unsuitable tilt and azimuth angle of the PV system, depending on the location, can result in reduction up-to 40% in the first-year energy output, 31% in Net Present Value and can delay the payback period up-to three years. However, for best results in energy output, net present value and payback in a PV project, the tilt and azimuth should be decided based on the panel location.