An overview of effect of process parameters for removal of CO2 using biomass-derived adsorbents

The increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) gas emissions in the atmosphere has been contributing to the global warming, leading to climate change. CO2 capture and conversion technologies have received attention for removal of CO2. Several technologies, such as cryogenic separation, absorption, membrane separation, and adsorption, are being researched to encourage CO2 mitigation. Among others, adsorption technology is considered as environmentally friendly and economical. In the recent past, the waste biomass–derived adsorbents have emerged as potential materials for CO2 separation. This review attempts to report and critically analyze the work conducted on the synthesis of biomass-derived adsorbents from various biomasses. Parametric evaluation on the synthesis of adsorbents and their application is an important aspect to fully understand the applicability and limits of these materials. So, in this study, emphasis is given on the parameters, which affect the development and performance of the biomass-derived adsorbents for CO2 separation. Some of the major parameters include biomass feedstocks, methods related to the synthesis of activated carbons, carbonization, and physical as well as chemical activation. The sub-parameters such as gas flow rate, temperature, activating agent, heating rate, and residence time on carbonization and activation parameters have also been reviewed and critically analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of different factors including porosity, initial concentration of adsorbate, particle size distribution, adsorbent dosage, total surface area, temperature, pressure, and pH are reviewed and discussed for the removal of CO2 through adsorption.