Assessment of Tropical Cyclone Risk to Coral Reefs: Case Study for Australia

In this study, we attempt to expand tropical cyclone (TC) risk assessment methodology and build an understanding of TC risk to Australia’s natural environment by focusing on coral reefs. TCs are natural hazards known to have the potential to bring destruction due to associated gale-force winds, torrential rain, and storm surge. The focus of TC risk assessment studies has commonly centred around impacts on human livelihoods and infrastructure exposed to TC events. In our earlier study, we created a framework for assessing multi-hazard TC risk to the Australian population and infrastructure at the Local Government Area level. This methodology is used in this study with coral reefs as the focus. TC hazard, exposure, and vulnerability indices were created from selected coral-related datasets to calculate an overall TC risk index for the Ningaloo Reef (NR) and the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) regions. The obtained results demonstrate that the northern NR and the southern GBR had the highest risk values within the study area; however, limitations in data quality have meant that results are estimates at best. The study has shown the potential benefits of such a TC risk assessment framework that can be improved upon, as coral data collection becomes more readily available.