Biomimetic protein-based elastomeric hydrogels for biomedical applications

In recent years, protein-based elastomeric hydrogels have gained increased research interest in biomedical applications for their remarkable self-assembly behaviour, tunable 3D porous structure, high resilience (elasticity), fatigue lifetime (durability), water uptake, excellent biocompatibility and biological activity. The proteins and polypeptides can be derived naturally (animal or insect sources) or by recombinant (bacterial expression) routes and can be crosslinked via physical or chemical approaches to obtain elastomeric hydrogels. Here we review and present the recent accomplishments in the synthesis, fabrication and biomedical applications of protein-based elastomeric hydrogels such as elastin, resilin, flagelliform spider silk and their derivatives.