Conforming to the expectations of the profession: A Lacanian perspective on planning practice, norms and values

This article introduces and examines aspects of Lacan's critical social theory, it examines why a Lacanian psychoanalytical approach can be regarded as pertinent to analysis of planning processes. The article introduces the notion of the Lacanian subject and explains some of the key Lacanian concepts including the 'Real', the 'Other', and the Lacanian signifier. These concepts are then related to the acquisitions of planning education and professional skill development - what 'shapes' the planner? The article suggests that planning practices and decision-making are often constrained by the planner's desire to conform to self-imposed perceptions of professional and societal expectations. These practices contribute to maintenance of the ideological edifices which constitute social reality in that they do not necessarily materialise a planner's own values and beliefs, but rather the beliefs and values which a planner 'thinks' that planners are supposed to have and to express in society. The article concludes with a consideration of the implications this has for planning ethics.