Diet–tissue fractionation of d15N by consumers from streams and rivers

Variation in the diet-tissue fractionation of stable nitrogen isotopes (Δ15N) is a major source of uncertainty in mixing model outputs and the calculation of trophic level in food web studies in aquatic systems. Using δ15N and δ13C of algae and consumers collected from a broad range of streams and rivers in Australia and New Guinea, we calculated Δ15N using a gradient approach, and compared these estimates with those from the literature. Riverine invertebrates and fishes from this region have δ15N diet-tissue fractionation at the low end of the range of values reported for literature summaries, but different trophic groups had different Δ15N estimates. Source-consumer regressions based on δ13C had lower slope estimates and lower R2 values compared with those based on δ15N. This implies that although consumers on average obtain a portion of their organic carbon from higher plants, they derive most of their organic nitrogen from N-rich algae. Use of appropriate Δ15N for riverine consumers will lead to more satisfactory results with isotope mixing models, and the uncertainty associated with Δ15N estimates can be incorporated in the latest iterations of these models that are probabilistic rather than deterministic.