Effect of Intersecting Angle on Pedestrian Crowd Flow under Normal and Evacuation Conditions

Complex pedestrian or passenger crowd movements, such as intersecting movements, can create a bottleneck resulting in delays during emergency escape from public infrastructure such as major public transport hubs. Limited studies have examined the effect of different intersecting angles and walking speeds on pedestrian outflow. This study aims to systematically investigate the effect of different intersecting angles (30°, 90°, and 150°) and walking speeds (normal walking, faster walking) on pedestrian outflow at an intersecting path or junction through controlled laboratory experiments. Further, we consider both blocked vision and un-blocked vision in our experiments. The results from our experiments show that the acute angle of 30° has a higher flow rate and less evacuation time as compared to the other angles. The obtuse intersecting angle of 150° was the most undesirable intersecting angle in terms of outflow, evacuation time, and delays at the junction. Faster walking generally led to reduced evacuation time as compared to normal walking. It is also interesting to note that the results from both blocked vision and un-blocked vision were not statistically significant, suggesting that line of sight was not an important factor in regulating the flow at the junction. The results from our findings are a valuable resource to verify the mathematical model intended to simulate pedestrian or passenger crowd movements and behavior within major public infrastructure under both normal and evacuation conditions.