Hybrid energy sharing for smart building cluster with CHP system and PV prosumers: A coalitional game approach

In order to facilitate the energy sharing in Smart Building Cluster, a hybrid energy sharing framework with combined heat and power (CHP) system and photovaltic (PV) prosumers is proposed. A coalitional game model with a utility function that captures the benefit of coalition is built, in which CHP is a thermal and electrical energy producer, and PV prosumers act as role-exchangeable energy sellers or buyers. To minimize the operation cost of the coalition, the demand response is integrated with the coalitional game, in which prosumers can adjust their flexible thermal and electrical loads simultaneously. To support the coalitional game, a two-level reward allocation scheme is designed for fairness of participants and reduction of computational complexity. Moreover, a distributed optimal algorithm based on alternating direction method of multipliers is used to solve the hybrid energy sharing problem. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified via a practical case. Scheduling results show that the energy consumption behaviors with both heat and power can be adjusted by prosumers to minimize the coalitional cost, including a heat-power interactive characteristic in particular. The costs of prosumers are reduced while the profit of CHP is improved.