Layout optimization of truss structures with modular constraints

Truss layout optimization is a well-established technique for designing efficient structures, but the optimized structures are often complex and associated with high manufacturing costs. To address this problem, repetitive modules are often used. However, relying solely on a single type of module may negatively impact the structural efficiency. To mitigate this trade-off, this study presents a novel approach for designing truss structures that incorporates multiple types of modules. Additionally, both the module arrangement and module structures are determined by the optimization approach. To achieve this, a novel mixed-integer linear programming problem is developed, and a heuristic method is proposed to enhance computational efficiency. The proposed approach is validated through several numerical examples, which demonstrate its ability to produce truss designs with low manufacturing costs and high structural efficiency.