Mapping deformation and pressure distribution of elastic maternity support garments for optimized therapeutic design

Maternity support garments (MSGs) are therapeutic garments concerned with the alleviation of pain, body support and improvement of the wearer’s comfort. MSGs have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing lower back pain (LBP) and pelvic girdle pain (PGP), in increasing balance and the wearer’s functionality and mobility. MSG are worn next to the skin and are commonly made of elastic materials. They are constructed to have a negative fit, meaning the garment is smaller than the body over which it is fitted. This design generates pressure on the underlying tissue, compresses and maintains body parts in correct anatomical position, reduces muscle oscillation, and supports the underlying tissues. Although it is commonly believed that garments made from elastic materials can accommodate the body contours and shape differences among wearers of the same size, inadequate fit can cause discomfort and irritation to the skin and body. This often discourages their use. If the garment does not apply the appropriate interface pressure to the intended body part, it may have no beneficial effect or could even cause negative effects for the wearer. This can impact the effectiveness of the therapy and reduce patient adherence. This study aims to understand the elastic behavior of MSG during wear and to create a body map of its distribution. It also seeks to determine the pressure these garments exert on the underlying body and how this relates to fabric stretch. These insights will help in engineering MSG for specific body parts and functions.