Mechanical and thermal properties of toughened polypropylene composites

The mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of a new flexible composite containing polypropylene fiber (PP) in a random poly(propylene-co-ethylene) (PPE) matrix with ethylene-propylene elastomer (EP) was investigated with emphasis on the effect of EP elastomer concentration. The intrinsic composition of the composites, toughening of the matrix with EP and the fiber-matrix interface determined the properties of the composites. Through the incorporation of EP elastomer into the polypropylene-poly (propylene-co-ethylene) (all-PP) composite, tensile and storage modulus (E') decreased, flexural modulus and loss modulus (E ', damping) increased slightly to 0.15 EP and then decreased. There was an increase in impact resistance for the toughened composites, with about 100% increase in comparison with an untoughened all-PP composite. The composition corresponding to 0.20 weight fraction EP gave optimum impact and mechanical properties. Creep resistance of the composite decreased with increasing EP content, but recovery showed an increase with increasing EP content up to 0.20. Fracture surfaces of composites after impact tests were studied with scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the use and limitation of theoretical equations to predict the tensile and flexural modulus of the flexible PP composite is discussed.