Microbial diversity and activity in caves

In recent times, there have been renewed interests in cave ecosystems for both economic and scientific reasons. This is because caves can contain fossils, artifacts, Palaeolithic paintings, ancient markings in form of finger flutings and beautiful speleothems (mineral deposits). These features are attractive and their presence has led to an increase in the number of people visiting caves (tourism) with associated economic benefits to the cave management authorities and the communities in which these caves are located. Unfortunately some of these cave features are susceptible to microbial damage by indigenous and foreign microorganisms, with this risk being exacerbated by unregulated human visitation. Therefore understanding microbial diversity and activities in caves is essential for cave conservation, restoration, safe and sustainable cave tourism.