Multi-level simulation of the physical, cognitive and social

Combining multiple models together is increasingly desirable when developing large and complex agent-based simulations. For many social scenarios involving human behaviour, modelling of cognitive agents are required in simulations, with a representation of diffusion processes that capture the spread of various influences (e.g., information, opinions, rumours) in social networks. A diffusion process affect cognitive processes of agents, in turn impacting agent behaviour in the physical simulation as well as in the diffusion process. This paper presents a generic approach of integrating diffusion modelling into an agent based simulation framework that incorporates a cognitive and a physical model. The models individually encapsulate social, cognitive and physical levels of concern, but collectively form a consistent view of the reasoning agent in the integrated simulation. We apply this framework in a large-scale evacuation case study involving more than 35,000 agents. Results reveal that the addition of the social level can significantly affect evacuation outcomes. The framework is generic, flexible and supports integration of a variety of social, cognitive and physical models.