Operating Principle and Device Configuration Driven Mechanisms in Low-Dimensional Materials for Neuromorphics

The alluring electronic, optoelectronic, and photonic properties of low-dimensional materials have allowed brain-inspired electronics to evolve in unprecedented ways. With highly efficient neuromorphic devices and architecture being concocted lately, an understanding of the underlying device mechanisms has emerged. The question of what types of materials and physical mechanisms will be used in future neuromorphic hardware is still open for debate. Herein, a critical review of the mechanisms among various configurations in state-of-the-art low-dimensional neuromorphic devices is presented. The factors are also reviewed that influence the working paradigm of low-dimensional neuromorphic devices under different stimuli. Finally, a forward-looking outlook on the challenges and perspectives in analyzing the mechanisms in this emerging research direction to drive next-generation neuromorphic computing is provided.