Political skill, entrepreneurial orientation and organizational justice: A study of entrepreneurial enterprise in China

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a unified theory of entrepreneurial orientation. To this end, the study considers the nexus of entrepreneurial orientation and venture performance contingent on entrepreneurial political skill, as well as in relation to organizational justice as it influences stakeholder commitment. Design/methodology/approach - A diverse sample of 237 entrepreneurs from private entrepreneurial enterprises throughout an eastern province (Zhejiang) of China participated in a questionnaire study during three years. The study applies structural equation modeling and hierarchical moderated regression analyses to test the hypotheses. Findings - In the context of a developing economy (China), the study verifies the influence of entrepreneurial political skill on entrepreneurial performance. Amongst those involved in the venture, a sense of organizational justice combined with entrepreneurial orientation work to moderate the entrepreneur's political skill in achieving outcomes. Research limitations/implications - Limitations of the study are the questionnaire survey identifies entrepreneurial "perceptions" of success or failure with actual success or failure; and responses are weighted to founders and top managers as representing entrepreneurial actors more generally. Practical implications - The study concludes that access to scarce resources and maintenance of goal congruence are more likely to be achieved when entrepreneurial innovativeness and pro-activeness are combined with entrepreneurial political skill in a setting of organizational justice. Social implications - The study finds that entrepreneurs are able to improve performance by instilling a group culture of trust and social justice. Originality/value - The study is located contextually in the guanxi-centered social exchange atmosphere of China as the economy transforms from a planned to a market model, with institutional arrangements of a mixed economy of state-owned and privately owned enterprises. In this context, the study explores the constructs of entrepreneurial orientation in relation to entrepreneurial political skill in a context of organizational justice as they combine to influence a venture's success.