Proporção e tamanho de sedimentos e teor de carbono orgânico na enxurrada e no solo para dois cultivos e duas formas de semeadura (Sediment size and organic carbon content in runoff and soil under two crops and two seed row directions)

The crop type and seed row direction in relation to the land slope can modify the total amount and size of runoff-transported sediment. They may alter the relation between organic carbon levels in the sediments and the eroded soil. The current study aimed to quantify the sediment size and proportion transported at constant runoff rate and the organic carbon level in the sediments and the eroded soil, under oat and vetch sown in two row directions. Four simulated rainfalls were applied between March and November 2006, during the crop cycle, at a constant intensity of 64 mm h(-1) for one hour, in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil, to an Inceptisol with a slope of 0.119 m m(-1). The treatments consisted of the combination of two crops and two seed row directions in relation to the slope. Oat (Avena strigosa) and vetch (Vicia sativa) were sown mechanically in parallel downhill rows and contour rows of the slope. Runoff sediment was sampled in a set of sieves that collected the constant rate runoff flow for 50 min during each rain test. Oat cropping decreased the amount of runoff-transported sediment by 46 % in comparison to vetch cropping and the contour seed row reduced this by 56 % in relation to downhill seed row. The proportion of sediments in runoff decreased 63 % from the start to the end of the crop cycle. The proportion of the fine size sediment class (<= 0.038 mm) was 17 % higher under oat than vetch, and the contour seed row increased the proportion by 10 % in comparison with the downhill seed row. The D-50 sediment index in runoff was 0.043 mm in oat and 0.119 mm in vetch; it reached 0.047 mm in the contour and 0.117 mm in the downhill seed rows. The ratio between organic carbon level in sediments and in the 0-2.5 cm soil layer was 1.39 in oat, 1.21 in vetch, 1.43 in the contour and 1.17 in downhill seed rows.