Rethinking the cost of traffic congestion, lessons from Melbourne's city link toll roads

In Australia, building transport infrastructure, traditionally new and better roads, to relieve congestion is an abiding political priority with serious consequences for the shaping of Australian cities. The economic cost of congestion is held to justify vast expenditure on road infrastructure and Australia is conventionally thought to lag the world in this respect. However, the calculation of the cost of congestion is fraught with problems and a degree of complexity that does not support this storyline. In this article, we review the arguments around congestion costing and travel time saving, and consider the case of the City Link toll roads in Melbourne, Australia.