Review of advanced composite structures for naval ships and submarines

The recent applications of fibre-reinforced polymer composites to naval ships and submarines are reviewed. Since the mid-1980s the use of composites has increased considerably as the military strive to reduce the acquisition and maintenance costs and improve the structural and operational performance of naval craft. A wide range of new applications of composites to naval vessels are described, including their current and potential use in the superstructures, decks, bulkheads, advanced mast systems, propellers, propulsion shafts, rudders, pipes, pumps, valves, machinery and other equipment on large warships such as frigates, destroyers and aircraft carriers. Potential applications of composites to submarines are also described, such as their possible use in propulsors, control surfaces, machinery and fittings. The growing use of composites in the complete construction of fast patrol boats, minehunting ships and corvettes is discussed. For each application the major benefits gained from using composites instead of conventional shipbuilding materials, such as steel and aluminium alloys, are identified. The paper also outlines the main drawbacks of using composites in naval vessels.