A robust sliding mode observer is proposed and applied to realize the synchronization for a class of chaotic systems. The robust sliding mode observer is designed by using a sliding mode and a control strategy. The convergence rate of the observer can be regulated. The synchronization for two chaotic systems can be realized by using the sliding mode observer, which is robust to the internal parameter uncertainties and the external disturbances. The sliding mode observer can realize synchronization not only for the low dimensional chaotic systems but also for the high dimensional hyperchaotic systems. The simulations of Chua's circuit and hyperchaotic Rossler system show the effectiveness of the design.