Validity and reliability of the physical activity and social support scale among Chinese established adults

Social support is a crucial factor that can facilitate regular engagement in physical activity. To assess the influence of social factors on the level of regular physical activity, the Physical Activity and Social Support Scale (PASSS) has been developed. However, the PASSS has yet to be validated in a Chinese sample of established adults. To address this gap in the literature, this study describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a Chinese version of the PASSS (PASSS-C) for established adults. PASSS-C was validated for a Chinese sample of adults aged between 30 and 45 years old (N = 1799). Structural validity was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM). Spearman's correlations between the PASSS-C and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Social Support Rating Scale - Chinses Version (SSRS-C), and the Affective Exercise Experience Scale - Chinese Version (AFFEXX-C) were determined to examine the criterion validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and McDonald's omega coefficients were used to assess the internal consistency of the total scale and sub-scales of the PASSS-C. The results of the CFA suggest that the five-factor model had an acceptable fit (CFI = 0.99, GFI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.01, RMSEA = 0.02). Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega for the PASSS-C and its sub-scales ranged from 0.81 to 0.96. The results indicate that the PASSS-C has acceptable psychometric properties. Thus, the scale can be used to assess the levels of social support for physical activity in Chinese established adults.