Wide-angle stop-gap chalcogenide photonic crystals generated by direct multiple-line laser writing

We present the fabrication and the angle-resolved optical characterizations of three-dimensional chalcogenide photonic crystals with a wide-angle stop gap. Multiple-line scanning provides an effective remedy to the elongation of the focal spot in the z direction during direct laser writing fabrication in high refractive index and highly nonlinear chalcogenide glasses. The aspect ratio of the rods is reduced from 4.46 to 1.53, thus allowing the successful fabrication of three-dimensional chalcogenide photonic crystals with a face-centered cubic symmetry and quasi-circular rods. Suppression of the angle-resolved transmission spectra is observed at a wide range of incident angles.