This report is based on a workshop of senior international security experts at the International House of Japan in Tokyo on November 11, 2011. The workshop was organised by the Nautilus Institute, the Maureen and Mike Mansfield Foundation and Nautilus Australia - RMIT Global Studies, and co-hosted by the Asia Pacific Leadership Network. The workshop was funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Samuel Rubin Foundation, and the Nuclear Threat Institute. The workshop aimed to evaluate the robustness of proposals to establish a nuclear weaponsfree zone in Northeast Asia (NEA-NWFZ) and to identify pathways leading to its creation. The challenges posed in establishing a zone in this region are unique, and differ in critical ways from NWFZs that exist elsewhere in the world.