This paper was funded by a small grant from the Australian Centre for Financial Studies. The paper's brief was to respond to the following matters: Provide an overview of the 'payday lending' market in Australia. Investigate the impact of unsecured, short-term, small amount lending in Australia and the issues involved in regulating this sector. Who are the users of payday lending? Is there evidence suggesting that the main users of small amount loans are financially excluded? Explore the potential alternatives to payday loans.